July 30

December 1

• 1901 Thomas Clarke Luby, co-founder of the Fenian movement and editor of the Irish People (1863–5), died in New York.
• 1955 Rosa Parks, the ‘first lady of civil rights’, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for resisting bus segregation by refusing to obey a bus driver’s order that she give up her seat in the ‘coloured’ section to a white passenger after the ‘white’ section was filled.
• 1972 A bus driver and bus conductor were killed and over 100 others were injured when two UVF bombs exploded in Dublin city centre. Fine Gael consequently dropped their opposition to Fianna Fáil’s Offences Against the State (Amendment) Bill, then being debated in Dáil Éireann.